Gemstones - Refraction & Specific Gravity


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Applications: School, College, Work or business relevant projects; Freelance Gigs; Polishing Stones, Rockhounding, Travel & Tourism, Air BNB

Source Of Screenshots & Specs: Wikipedia & Internet Archive - A Text-book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-loving Public by Frank Bertram Wade

Software Used for Audio production: LMMS (Open Source)

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Relevant Material: "The most expensive gemstones by carat are often diamonds, with pink diamonds and blue diamonds reaching prices over $1 million per carat, with prices for exceptional stones reaching over $1 million per carat, and other gems like Jadeite ($3 million/carat), Ruby ($1.18 million/carat), and Emerald ($305,000/carat) also commanding extremely high prices for top quality examples. The price varies significantly based on rarity, color, clarity, and cut, with the Pink Star and Oppenheimer Blue diamonds being record-setting examples. 
Here are the most expensive gemstones, ordered by estimated price per carat for top-quality examples: 
Stats and Considerations
  • Rarity and Flawlessness:
    The value of a gemstone is largely determined by its rarity, its color, and its lack of inclusions or flaws. 
  • Color and Cut:
    Exceptional colors and precision cuts also contribute to a gemstone's value. 
  • Record-Breaking Stones:
    A few famous examples of these gemstones have sold for record prices. 
    • The Pink Star Diamond sold for $71.2 million in 2017. 
    • The Oppenheimer Blue Diamond sold for $57.5 million. 
    • The Sunrise Ruby sold for $30.42 million. ..." (Google)
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Relevant Material: "The EOS M50 Mark II carries and builds on the strong performance of the popular EOS M50 with improvements that will be especially notable for content creators like vloggers and more. You still get the impressive image quality of the 24.1 Megapixel CMOS sensor, power of the DIGIC 8 image processor, 4K UHD 24p and HD 120p for slow motion video and more, along with some additional boosts. When it comes to content, whether stills or video, the EOS M50 Mark II goes far beyond letting you just scratch the surface of your vision..

Feature Highlights

 

•    24.1 Megapixel (APS-C) CMOS sensor with ISO 100-25600 (H: 51200).
•    DIGIC 8 Image Processor with Auto Lighting Optimizer.
•    Improved Dual Pixel CMOS AF and Eye Detection AF (Still/Movie Servo AF support).
•    4K UHD* 24p and HD 120p** for Slow Motion.
•    Vari-angle Touchscreen LCD Convenient for Vlogging and Various Composition.
•    Convenient Vertical video, Touch Record Control, Movie Self-Timer Features for Content.
•    High Quality Webcam Capability using Free EOS Webcam Utility Software or Clean HDMI Output.  
•    Built-in 2.36 Million Dots OLED EVF with Touch and Drag AF.
•    Built-in Wi-Fi®^ and Bluetooth®^^ Technology.
•    Image.canon Cloud Service for Better Workflow.
•    Silent Mode for Quiet Operation.

*    Shooting at 23.98p is possible. Shooting takes place by cropping pixels from the center of the sensor. Contrast detection AF is used. 4K movies are 
     cropped.

 

**  AF is fixed. Playback is 1/4 slow motion playback (29.97p).

 

^   Compatible with iOS® versions 12.4/13.7, Android™ smartphone and tablet versions 6.0/7.0/7.1/8.0/8.1/9.0/10. Data charges may apply with the download of the free Canon Camera Connect app. This app helps enable you to upload images to social media services. Please note that image files may contain personally identifiable information that may implicate privacy laws. Canon disclaims and has no responsibility for your use of such images. Canon does not obtain, collect or use such images or any information included in such images through this app.

 

^^ Compatible with select smartphone and tablet devices (Android™ version 5.0 or later and the following iOS® devices: iPhone 4s or later, iPad 3rd 
     gen. or later, iPod Touch 5th gen.or later) equipped with Bluetooth® version 4.1 or later and the Camera Connect App Ver. 2.5.10. This application is not guaranteed to operate on all listed devices, even if minimum requirements are met.
 

24.1 Megapixel (APS-C) CMOS sensor with ISO 100-25600 (H: 51200).

 

The EOS M50 Mark II features a powerful 24.1 Megapixel CMOS (APS-C) sensor that can capture high-resolution images and 4K videos. The large CMOS sensor utilizes a sophisticated light-capturing design, helping to shoot images and videos with reduced noise, delivering clear, detailed results even in low light. It also enables fast continuous shooting and fast autofocus for high-speed performance that helps you capture once-in-a-lifetime moments.

DIGIC 8 Image Processor with Auto Lighting Optimizer.

 

Helping to improve autofocus performance, the EOS M50 Mark II features the DIGIC 8 Image Processor, which also ensures that your photos and videos look sharp and detailed with minimal noise or grain, in virtually any lighting. Combined with the Auto Lighting Optimizer, it also helps analyze the image and helps minimize blown-out areas by maintaining color and detail in bright parts of a photo. When set to High, it can even smooth the transitions between colors, assisting you to take impressively lifelike images.

Improved Dual Pixel CMOS AF and Eye Detection AF (Still/Movie Servo AF support).

 

Dual Pixel CMOS AF provides fast, accurate autofocus that helps you get the photo you want right as the moment happens. The EOS M50 Mark II features an expansive focus area of approx. 88% horizontal and 100% vertical^1. With the EOS M50 Mark II, you can easily capture your subject quickly with the improved Eye Detection AF – allowing you to shoot even when the subject is far away. Eye Detection AF can also be used when the subject's full body is in frame, to lock on the eyes from a further distance.

^1 The max AF area available when the following lenses are attached: EF-M 55-200mm f/4.5-6.3 IS STM, EF-M 18-150mm f/3.5-6.3 IS STM, EF-M 28mm f/3.5 Macro IS STM, EF-M 32mm f/1.4 STM and some EF/EF-S lenses. When other lenses are attached, the AF area becomes smaller.
 

4K UHD* 24p and HD 120p** for Slow Motion.

 

4K UHD* 24p Videos
With the help of the DIGIC 8 image processor, and the 24.1 Megapixel CMOS (APS-C) sensor, enjoy recording 4K movies at a frame rate of up to 24p for high definition, cinematic results. Recording at almost four times the resolution of Full HD, you can see your subject in stunning clarity. Beautiful time-lapse videos can be created in 4K simply and easily with the dedicated Time-lapse Movie mode.

 

HD 120p** Videos
Ideal for smooth, slow-motion playback videos, HD movies can also be recorded at a high-frame rate of approx. 120 frames per second. Designed to capture fun, beautiful videos, the EOS M50 Mark II camera helps ensure you can see the unique expressions of your friends' or family's faces in close-up movies.
 

Vari-angle Touchscreen LCD Convenient for Vlogging and Various Composition.

 

The EOS M50 Mark II camera features a 3.0-inch, 1.04 Megapixel Clear View LCD II Vari-angle Touchscreen LCD. Brightness is adjustable and its extensive flexibility makes it easy to compose and shoot from virtually any angle, making selfies simple and enabling the LCD to fold away when not in use. Touchscreen features include quickly changing settings, reviewing stills and videos, and even AF point selection.

Convenient Vertical video, Touch Record Control, Movie Self-Timer Features for Content.

 

Vertical Video
Ideal for the vlogger guru, the EOS M50 Mark II’s Vertical Video feature*1 allows you to mix up your shot length and angles to make your videos interesting and unique.

*1 Vertical Video Support is available for playback on the following compatible smart devices: iOS® versions 9.3/10.3/11.2-11.4/12.2, Android™ smartphone and tablet versions 5.0/5.1/6.0/7.0/7.1/8.0/8.1/9.0. Vertical Video Support is not available when utilizing the live streaming service available with this product (on YouTube only).

 

Movie Self-Timer with Touch Record Control
Enjoy creating videos without fumbling to get out of the shot or racing to get into the shot when you press the record button with the EOS M50 Mark II’s Movie-self timer function and [Touch Rec] icon. This feature allows you to select how many seconds (between 2 to 10 seconds) you will need before your video starts to record so you ensure you get the scene and subjects needed in the shot, for the shot.

 

Movie Digital Zoom
The EOS M50 Mark II supports movie digital zoom, which allows you to magnify the center part of the screen about 3-10 x*2, and shoot for a more intense, up-close look at the subject – not only with a single focal length lens attached, but also with a zoom lens, that may be combined with optical zoom.

*2 Available when the image size is set to Full HD [1920×1080]. Camera shake may happen when handheld; it is recommended to use a tripod. 

High Quality Webcam Capability using Free EOS Webcam Utility Software or Clean HDMI Output.

 

Clean HDMI Output
Whether you're creating inspiring video clips or capturing special occasions, the advanced video capabilities of the EOS M50 Mark II camera can catch them in the quality they deserve. Video is smooth and richly detailed even when played back on a large-screen HDTV via the camera's HDMI output. It is even possible to choose movie output without any information displayed on your screen.

 

Live Streaming Capable***  
Live streaming service*** from the EOS M50 Mark II camera to YouTube™ is now possible. Share must-see moments as they happen directly from the setting that you are in. Whether you are at a concert, or want to vlog your next beauty “how to” video, the compact sized EOS M50 Mark II can help ensure that your videos will have the cinematic image quality you desire.

 

*** The live streaming service available with this product is for live streaming on YouTube only. To use live streaming, you need to have an active YouTube account and an image.canon account. Please be aware that YouTube may change, stop, or terminate its services, including live streaming, at any time without notice. In accordance with YouTube’s "Restrictions on live streaming" users must have a minimum of 1,000 channel subscribers in order to live stream from a mobile device (including camera products with live streaming capability). For up-to-date information from YouTube on restrictions, please visit https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2853834?hl=en. Canon makes no representations or warranties with respect to any third party product or service, including live streaming.
 

Built-in 2.36 Million Dots OLED EVF with Touch and Drag AF.

 

Built-in 2.36 Million Dots OLED EVF 
The EOS M50 Mark II camera features a high-precision 0.39-inch OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) EVF with approx. 2.36 million dots. The electronic viewfinder (EVF) provides a bright, sharp and colorful 100% view of the subject at hand. Equipped with an aspherical lens, the EVF shows a crisp and vivid image with minimal distortion, even when the eye moves off the center of the visual field.

 

Touch and Drag AF
In addition to the Touch and Drag AF feature, the [Tap to select for Face+Tracking] function now makes it fast and easy to select a focus point by simply tapping on the desired location on the LCD screen to instantly change it.  The chosen AF point is then displayed in the camera's EVF for quick confirmation.
 

Built-in Wi-Fi^ and Bluetooth^^ Technology.

 

Built-in Wi-Fi^ Technology
The EOS M50 Mark II camera is designed to make connecting to a Wi-Fi®^ network fast and easy. It can exchange data with other Wi-Fi® connected compatible Canon cameras, and transfer files directly to a compatible smart device using the Camera Connect app. The Wi-Fi® capability lets you share and upload directly to various web services like image.canon, Facebook® and YouTube® as well as print directly to compatible wireless Canon printers.


Built-in Bluetooth®^^ Capability
Bluetooth®^^ pairing helps you connect the camera to compatible smart devices using the free Canon Camera Connect app*. To customize the Bluetooth® function, simply click on the network icon located on the LCD screen. In addition, Bluetooth® lets you connect to the optional Wireless Remote Control BR-E1 for remote shooting as well as pick up GPS shooting location data from the user’s compatible smartphone while using the GPS receiver GP-E2.
 

Image.canon Cloud Service for Better Workflow.

 

image.canon is a cloud service designed to ease your imaging workflow. Connecting the EOS M50 Mark II camera to the image.canon service will allow you to seamlessly upload all images and movies in their original format and quality, and access them from the dedicated app or through a web browser and automatically forward them to a computer, mobile device, and third-party services.

Silent Mode for Quiet Operation.

 

Whether you are at your child’s school play or your newborn baby is sleeping, the EOS M50 Mark II camera’s Silent Mode helps you make sure that your camera doesn't startle your subject by enabling capture with virtually no shutter sound. This means you can shoot precious moments without worrying about distracting them.

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Relevant Background: "Herkimer diamonds are double-terminated quartz crystals discovered within exposed outcrops of dolomite in and around Herkimer County, New York, and the Mohawk River Valley in the US.[1][2] They are not diamonds; the "diamond" in their name is due to both their clarity and well-formed faces. Because the first discovery sites were in the village of Middleville and in the city of Little Falls, respectively, the crystal is also known as a Middleville diamond or a Little Falls diamond.[3]

Herkimer diamonds became widely recognized after workmen discovered them in large quantities while cutting into the Mohawk River Valley dolomite in the late 18th century. Geologists discovered exposed dolomite in Herkimer County outcroppings and began mining there, leading to the "Herkimer diamond" moniker. Double-terminated quartz crystals can be found in sites around the world.." (Herkimer diamond - Wikipedia)

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Relevant Material: "

Nature’s ultimate game of hide and seek, Herkimer Diamond Mines offers a variety of experiences for all ages. Come uncover your very own diamonds in the rough!.." (Visit the Herkimer Diamond Mines)

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Relevant Material: "North America boasts a vast number of museums, with thousands in the United States (over 35,000) and Canada (2,700), alongside numerous institutions in Mexico and the Caribbean. Key examples include the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, and the Museo Nacional de Antropologia in Mexico CityFor comprehensive lists, consult sites like the Canadian Museums Association (museums.ca), Wikipedia's list of museums in the United States, and TripAdvisor's curated list for North America. 
Examples of Major Museums
How to Find More Museums
  • United States:
    Visit the Wikipedia page for the list of museums in the United States or sites like whichmuseum.com for extensive lists and directories. 
  • Canada:
    The Canadian Museums Association website (museums.ca) is an excellent resource for discovering Canadian museums. 
  • General:
    Websites like TripAdvisor offer curated lists of top-rated museums across North America and its various regions. .." (Google)
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Relevant Material: "Fee mining sites are places where you can pay a fee to dig, pan, or search for rocks, minerals or gemstones and keep whatever you find.

There are many places in the United States where you can pan for gold, wash gravel for gemstones, or split rocks to find fossils and have a reasonable chance of being very successful. We have been to fee mining sites many times, had lots of fun, and found some nice materials. We did not make a great find every time, but it was a good experience overall. Two of our favorites are: 1) looking for Herkimer "Diamonds" at the Ace of Diamonds Mine near Herkimer, New York; and, 2) looking for tourmaline at the OceanView Mine near San Diego, California...." (Fee Mining and Digging for Gems, Minerals, Gold, Crystals)


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Relevant Coverage: 

a) Travel & Health

b) Personal Property Coverage

c) Auto Insurance

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More Resources
*** Download Link for Labelled Encyclopedia with information on Refraction and Specific gravity for each stone: https://www.stuvia.com/bundle/129629/encyclopedia-of-gemstones

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Video Reference

1. Albrecht, M. G., Green, M., Hoffman, L., Babb, J., Donovan, L. M., Ellerbrook, D., Goolsby, L. S., Keltgen, J., Shepler, S. M., & Toomey, D. (2023). Principles of marketing. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/details/books/principles-marketing?Book%20details licensed under CC BY 4.0. 

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Relevant Material: "Studying marketing offers valuable real-world applications in both professional and personal life. Key areas of application include helping businesses thrive, shaping your career, making informed consumer decisions, and effectively managing your personal brand. 
For businesses and career growth
  • Driving business performance: For a business to succeed, its products or services need to be known and desirable to potential customers. By studying marketing, you learn to:
    • Inform consumers about how a product or service solves a problem for them.
    • Boost sales by developing effective promotional techniques.
    • Grow the company by creating awareness and engaging consumers, which generates revenue and new business.
  • Mastering digital and social media: The skills learned in marketing are essential for today's digital world. This includes strategies for using online platforms like social media, email, websites, and search engines to engage with consumers directly.
    • Leverage content marketing to build credibility and attract customers organically through valuable content.
    • Utilize social media for everything from brand awareness to direct sales. You learn how to use platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok to keep customers engaged.
    • Apply Search Engine Optimization (SEO) to improve a website's visibility and rank higher on search results for potential customers.
  • Conducting effective research: Marketing studies teach you how to analyze and interpret complex data to understand and target the right consumer segments. This includes understanding customer behavior, competitor analysis, and market trends to make informed business decisions.
  • Building a brand: Marketing is crucial for establishing and promoting a company's identity, values, and reputation. It creates a narrative that shapes how people perceive and connect with a business. 
In personal life
  • Developing a personal brand: The same marketing principles used for corporate branding can be applied to yourself. A strong personal brand can help you attract job offers, speaking engagements, and partnerships by defining your unique selling proposition and consistently communicating your values. This involves:
    • Creating a content ecosystem by sharing valuable insights on platforms like LinkedIn, blogs, and podcasts.
    • Strategically using social media to build an online presence that attracts relevant opportunities.
  • Becoming a more informed consumer: Studying marketing can help you better understand the psychological tactics companies use to influence purchasing decisions. By recognizing these techniques, you can make more rational and informed purchase decisions for yourself.
  • Improving communication and persuasion skills: Marketing coursework often emphasizes effective communication and negotiation. The ability to craft a clear, compelling message that resonates with an audience is a transferable skill that can benefit personal relationships and interactions.
  • Enhancing problem-solving: Marketing involves tackling real-world challenges through research, strategy, and adaptation. This develops strong analytical and problem-solving skills that are valuable in any area of life.
  • Budgeting and resourcefulness: In marketing, you often need to achieve results with a limited budget. This teaches valuable lessons in resourcefulness and creative problem-solving that can be applied to managing personal finances.." (Google)
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  • Relevant Coverage

    a) Travel & Health

    b) Personal Property Coverage

    c) Auto Insurance

    d) Extreme sports coverage

    e) Life Insurance

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    More Resources
    App Support Site: https://tekk-savvy.com

    Book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08835PX1P 3D Print Shop: https://www.shapeways.com/shops/tekksavvy Blog: https://jotformk.wixsite.com/ncyclopedia Hand Made Products Shop: https://www.etsy.com/ca/shop/Tekksavvy Blogger: https://www.blogger.com/profile/07524401563605547321 Shopify shop: https://tekks-shop.myshopify.com Ringtones: https://www.zedge.net/profiles/357e11a5-25fb-4415-9a6a-7da2239c2aba/ringtones Beats: https://airbit.com/share/Tekksavvy/bull-market-mp3 Excel Templates & Calculators: https://youtu.be/-8XdrnnlNuE
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